Incidence of Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss in a Tertiary Hospital in Northeastern India: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss (USNHL) poses a significant yet under-recognized health burden, impairing spatial sound localization and speech discrimination.  While commonly overshadowed by bilateral hearing loss, its psychosocial and functional impacts warrant dedicated investigation.

Objective: To determine the incidence and severity of USNHL among patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of pure tone audiometry (PTA) data was conducted over 18 months (January 2024–June 2025) at AIIMS Guwahati. A total of 4000 patients were assessed for hearing complaints, and 269 were identified with USNHL.

Results: Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss accounted for 6.7% of all hearing loss cases reviewed. A male predominance (63.1%) was observed. The most affected age group was 41–50 years (21.5%), and the majority (36.4%) presented with profound hearing loss. Mild hearing loss was also noted (31.5%), that is indicates functional limitations even in early stages.

Conclusion: Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss is often overlooked with considerable functional implications. Early identification through PTA and community awareness is essential. The study highlights the need for early identification and auditory rehabilitation tailored to unilateral hearing loss patients.